Although the primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP as an energy molecule required for countless cell functions, a small fraction of electrons from the ETC are transferred directly to O 2 , resulting in the generation of the superoxide anion, which can give rise to other ROS as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
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In addition, NRF2 was reported to confer radioprotection to human lung fibroblasts through upregulating miR-140 expression, which is involved in the regulation of lung fibroblast self-renewal [94]
A study by De Flora et al
The PAH gene is located on chromosome 12q23.2 and is composed of 15 exons that generate two alternatively spliced mRNAs, both of which encode the same 452 amino acid protein
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