Associated with elevated NAD+ levels and SIRT1 activation in preclinical studies [2] [3]
Serum MMA may also be elevated in thyroid disease, bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, pregnancy, or a rare genetic disorder in infants called methylmalonic acidemia
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To examine the primary academic literature detailing these molecular pathways, you can review MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for PMC